Management of Hypodontia Patient Using a Transitional Implant: A Case Report.

Background: Children with missing anterior teeth have physiological and psychological problems. Out of the many treatment options available, dental implants have advantages in replacing teeth. But, conventional implants in growing individuals are contraindicated due to their osseointegration property. Newer literature suggests transitional implants in growing individuals, which may allow easy removal of requirements in the future. Case description: A 12-year-old female patient visited the department with esthetic concerns. The orthodontic treatment was carried out to correct the malocclusion. An MS transitional implant was used to rehabilitate the missing maxillary left lateral incisor. After 24 months of follow-up, the transitional implant provided optimal esthetic and patient compliance. Conclusion: Transitional implant is a possible mode of rehabilitation in children and adolescents with missing teeth. Systematic planning of treatment can lead to desired esthetic and functional results. How to cite this article: Rathi NV, Baliga S, Thosar NR, et al. Management of Hypodontia Patient Using a Transitional Implant: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):186-189.

Air management techniques in dental office in post COVID era: A Literature Review / Técnicas de gerenciamento de ar em consultório odontológico na era pós COVID

The neoteric coronavirus outburst has jeopardised the health care system globally. As a result, practising dentistry has severe constraints due to production of aerosols and splatter in a large quantity. Air management gains foremost importance in reducing the transmission of SARS-COV-2 in a dental operatory. A variety of air filtration techniques have been put forth to optimize the air quality by removing the pollutants and pathogens. Amidst the blowing wave of information accessible online and on social media, it is puzzling to identify dependable research data and guidance to equip the operatory to minimize the risk of disease by aerosol, droplet and contact transmission. This paper presents comprehensive review on the different air purification technologies, their mechanism and utility in reducing viral load with the aim of providing information in regards to setting up a dental operatory with reduced risk of disease transmission in the post COVID-19 era (AU).

A explosão neotérica de coronavírus colocou em risco o sistema de saúde global. Como um dos resultados, a prática odontológica passou a ter restrições severas devido à sua grande produção de aerossóis e respingos. O gerenciamento de ar ganhou uma importância ainda maior na redução da transmissão do SARS-COV-2 em um procedimento odontológico. Uma variedade de técnicas de filtração de ar tem sido colocada para otimizar a qualidade do ar através da remoção de poluentes e patógenos. Em meio à onda de informações disponíveis online e na mídia social, é difícil identificar dados de pesquisas confiáveis e orientações para equipar os operadores a minimizarem os riscos de doenças transmissíveis por aerossóis, gotículas e contato. Este artigo apresenta uma compreensível revisão das diferentes tecnologias de purificação de ar, seus mecanismos e utilidades na redução da carga viral com o objetivo de prover informação quanto à prática odontológica com redução de riscos de transmissão de doenças na era pós COVID-19 (AU)

Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficiency and Apical Extrusion of Debris Using Two Pediatric Rotary Endodontic Files: An In Vitro Study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: Apical extrusion of debris and cleaning efficacy in primary root canal treatment has not been well elucidated by using specialized pediatric rotary endodontic files. The purpose of this study is to compare the amount of apically extruded debris and cleaning efficacy during the preparation of primary molar root canals using Pro AF Baby Gold and Kedo-S pediatric rotary files. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty extracted primary molar teeth were assigned randomly to two groups (n = 10 teeth for each group), injected with Indian Ink and instrumented using Kedo-S and Pro AF Baby Gold pediatric rotary files, respectively. The apically extruded debris was collected and dried in pre-weighed using Eppendorf tubes. The dry weight was calculated by subtracting the preoperative weight from the postoperative weight. The cleaning efficacy was evaluated after the diaphanization process. Statistics: Data were analyzed statistically using the independent sample t-test. RESULTS: The amount of apically extruded debris was significantly less for the Pro AF Baby rotary files group compared to the Kedo-S rotary files group (p < 0.05). Cleaning efficacy was significantly better with Pro AF Baby Gold when compared to Kedo-S rotary files in the apical region of the tooth. CONCLUSION: All instruments caused apically extruded debris in primary teeth. Pro AF baby Gold files can be used with less apical extrusion of debris. Cleaning efficacy was shown to be better with the Pro AF Baby Gold pediatric rotary endodontic file. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Rathi N, Jain SA, Thosar N, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficiency and Apical Extrusion of Debris Using Two Pediatric Rotary Endodontic Files: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2):196-200.

Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Triphala toothwipes on oral Streptococcus mutans count in intellectually disabled children.

AIM: To evaluate antibacterial efficacy of Triphala toothwipes on oral Streptococcus mutans counts in intellectually disabled (ID) children. METHODS: Twenty-seven children with a mild ID were randomly divided into two groups: A - Triphala and B - placebo group. Toothwipes were given to caregivers of children belonging to the respective groups, and were instructed to use them 1 h after their meals, twice a day for 7 days. Simplified Plaque index was recorded and plaque samples were collected for microbiological examination at baseline, 48 h, and 7 days. The obtained data were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS: Triphala group showed a statistically significant reduction of S. mutans after 48 h and 7 days. Both Triphala and placebo groups showed a statistically significant reduction in dental plaque after 48 h and 7 days. CONCLUSION: Triphala toothwipes are effective against the oral S. mutans compared with placebo toothwipes, while both the toothwipes are equally effective in reducing dental plaque. Thus, Triphala toothwipes can be used as an adjunct aid along with routine oral hygiene practices in individuals who lack psychomotor skills or are dependent on others to maintain oral hygiene, including infants, preschoolers, geriatric population, and children with special health care needs.

Evaluation of the average pulp cavity volume of primary second molar and canine for obturation of a single primary tooth: A preliminary cone-beam computed tomographic study.

OBJECTIVE: Metapex/Vitapex is one of the most commonly used obturating materials in pediatric dental practice in recent times. It is available in a premixed syringe which poses numerous practical difficulties. This study aimed to calculate the root canal volume of maxillary and mandibular canine and second molar using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to determine the quantity/grams of obturation material to obturate a single tooth (mass = density × volume). MATERIALS AND METHOD: This nonrandomized clinical trial is comprised of two parts. The first part involved calculation of average root canal volume using CBCT which was used to calculate the quantity/grams of obturating material. This predetermined quantity was used to obturate primary mandibular second molars and canines, and the quality of obturation was assessed. RESULTS: Assessment of quality of obturation showed optimum length obturation in 53.33% primary second molars and 66.66% primary canines. CONCLUSION: It can be inferred that even with the use of exact predetermined quantity/grams of obturating material, optimum quality obturation could be achieved, thus avoiding wastage, preventing cross contamination, and simultaneously offering good clinical results. Hence, this study opens further gateways to device ampules containing predetermined mass of obturating material for a single use for obturation of a single primary tooth.

Transitional Dental implant in Adolescent Patient - A Narrative Review.

AIM: This article aims to review the literature available on transitional implants and elaborates on the same through a case report with a follow-up of 5 years. MATERIAL AND METHOD: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were screened for literature. Articles other than those in English language were excluded. For the review, the complete texts of 49 papers were acquired, with 34 of them being included in the review. CONCLUSION: Transitional implant placement could be considered as an alternative to removable or fixed resin bonded dental prosthesis in adolescents with a regular follow-up. In such patients, a detailed assessment of growth pattern and a prediction of growth completion has to be done before considering implant as a treatment option.

Effect of preconditioning the fractured coronal fragments with remineralizing agents on fracture resistance of re-attached teeth.

BACKGROUND: Fragment re-attachment has been considered as one of the treatment modalities for the management of fractured anterior teeth. Hydration of fractured fragments aids in inhibiting the loss of ions and maintains vitality and esthetics. AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of preconditioning the fractured fragments with remineralizing agents on fracture resistance of re-attached teeth. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was an in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty freshly extracted noncarious human permanent maxillary central and lateral incisors were randomly allocated into three Groups of 20 each: Group 1: 2% sodium fluoride (2%NaF), Group 2: casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and Group 3: self-assembling peptide P11-4 (SAP). These were further divided into two subgroups of 10 teeth each, based on contact time with remineralizing agents, i.e., 30 min and 2 h. Fractured fragments were treated with remineralizing agents for a specified contact time and then re-attached with flowable composite resin. Force required to fracture the re-attached tooth was recorded in Newtons using universal testing machine. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance test, and post hoc Tukey test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A higher fracture resistance was noticed in fragments treated with 2% NaF (30 min- 215.6 N, 2 h- 188.5 N) compared to CPP-ACP (30 min- 141.3 N, 2 h- 111.1 N) and SAP (30 min- 134.8 N, 2 h- 149.5 N). At 30 min interval, it was found to be more in 2% NaF and CPP-ACP groups compared to 2 h. However, it increased with time in the SAP group. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups at both time intervals (P = 0.007 and 0.017). CONCLUSION: Preconditioning of fractured coronal fragments with 2% NaF showed higher fracture resistance compared to CPP-ACP and self-assembling peptide P11-4. Samples treated with SAP P11-4 exhibited good fracture resistance at 2 h contact time.

Comparative evaluation of a novel herbal anesthetic gel and 2% lignocaine gel as an intraoral topical anesthetic agent in children: Bilateral split-mouth, single-blind, crossover in vivo study.

BACKGROUND: Topical anesthetics have an intrinsic part to reduce pricking pain sensation due to needle stick before injection in children. AIM: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a novel herbal anesthetic gel used as a topical anesthetic before an inferior alveolar nerve block. SETTINGSANDDESIGN: This was a bilateral split-mouth, single blind, crossoverin vivo study. METHODS: Atotal number of 30 children were selected for this study design. After the application of the topical anesthesia, a 26-gauge needle was inserted in the mucobuccal fold and local anesthetic solution was deposited. Assessment of pain perception was done before the procedure and at the time of needle penetration using hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate. The objective and subjective pain assessment was recoded through sound eye motor scale and Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R). STATISTICALANALYSIS: As the data followed a normal distribution, parametric tests were used to analyze these data. The independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test were used to check the mean differences. RESULTS: The data showed no statistically significant differences in the objective and subjective pain assessment values of the novel herbal anesthetic gel compared to the 2% lignocaine gel. However, the intragroup comparisons of the before and during treatment results showed statistically significant results (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The novel herbal anesthetic gel was effective and safe in reducing the pain from needle insertion. Thus, setting up scientific evidence for the therapeutic usage of herbal products can, therefore, assist to develop a more efficient and alternative topical anesthetic.

Retraction: Midazolam use in pediatric dentistry: a review.

[This retracts the article on p. 1 in vol. 20, PMID: 32158954.].

Midazolam use in pediatric dentistry: a review.

Behaviour management and dental procedures performed in very young, pre-cooperative, highly anxious, or medically disabled children are challenging tasks. Various drugs and methods have, however, been introduced to facilitate treatment for this patient population. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine used as an adjunct to behavior management techniques in the dental treatment of pediatric patients. Midazolam can be used as a safe and effective drug for conscious sedation, general anesthetic premedication, and treatment of seizures during dental procedures. Nevertheless, further research involving pediatric patients would be beneficial.

Antimicrobial efficacy of a new tri-antibiotic combination against resistant endodontic pathogens: an in-vitro study / Eficácia antimicrobiana de uma nova combinação tripla de antibióticos contra patógenos endodônticos resistentes: um estudo in vitro

Antecedentes: A remoção de todas as bactérias patogênicas do sistema de canais radiculares é de primordial importância para o sucesso da terapia endodôntica. Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo determinar a eficácia antimicrobiana de três antibióticos e sua nova combinação contra patógenos endodônticos selecionados. Métodos: Neste estudo in vitro, foram utilizadas cepas bacterianas associadas à condição endodôntica refratária e determinado CIM e MBC de Clindamicina (C), Metronidazol (M), Doxiciclina (D), bem como sua combinação de DMC. Cultivamos Candida Albicans, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Escherichia Coli, Enterococcus Faecalis, Streptococcus Mutans, Bacillus Subtilis subsp. spizizenii, Actinomyces Actinomycetemcomitans em meios de cultura seletivos. Analisamos os dados usando o teste 't' emparelhado, ANOVA unidirecional e o teste post hoc HSD de Tuckey. Resultados: A clindamicina inibiu significativamente o crescimento de C. Albicans (90%) e S. Mutans (90%) e P. Aeruginosa, E. Coli, E. Coli, E. Faecalis, B. Subtilis e A. Actinomycetemcomitans eram resistentes a ele. O metronidazol não inibiu nenhuma das bactérias. A doxiciclina inibiu significativamente C. Albicans (90%),P. Aeruginosa (90%) e S. Mutans (90%), enquanto E.Coli, E. Faecalis, B. Subtilis e A. Actinomycetemcomitanseram resistentes a ela. A combinação de CMD inibiu significativamente todos os micróbios. Entretanto, em concentrações bactericidas de CMD, E. Faecalis (p = 0,024),B. Subtilis (p = 0,021) e A. Actinomycetemcomitans (p =0,041) foram eliminados significativamente, enquanto C.Albicans (p = 0,164), P. Aeruginosa (p = 0,489), E. Coli (p= 0,106) e S. Mutans (p = 0,121) apresentaram resistência. Conclusão: O CMD combinado pode ser usado contra patógenos endodônticos resistentes para obter resultados endodônticos previsíveis. (AU)

Background: Removal of all the pathogenic bacteria from the root canal system is of prime importance for the success of endodontic therapy. Objective: The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of three antibiotics and their new combination against selected endodontic pathogens. Methods: In this in-vitro study, we used bacterial strains associated with the refractory endodontic condition and determined MIC and MBC of Clindamycin (C), Metronidazole (M), Doxycycline (D) as well as their combination CMD. We cultured Candida Albicans, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Escherichia Coli, Enterococcus Faecalis, Streptococcus Mutans, Bacillus Subtilis subsp. spizizenii, Actinomyces Actinomycetemcomitans on selective culture media. We analyzed the data using paired 't' test, one-way ANOVA, and Tuckey's HSD post hoc test. Results: Clindamycininhibited the growth of C. Albicans (90%) and S. Mutans (90%) significantly and P. Aeruginosa, E. Coli, E. Faecalis, B. Subtilis, and A. Actinomycetemcomitans were resistantto it. Metronidazole did not inhibit any of the bacteria. Doxycycline inhibited C. Albicans (90%), P. Aeruginosa(90%), and S. Mutans (90%) significantly while E. Coli,E. Faecalis, B. Subtilis, and A. Actinomycetemcomitans were resistant to it. The combination of CMD inhibited all the microbes significantly. However, at bactericidal concentrations of CMD, E. Faecalis (p = 0.024), B. Subtilis (p = 0.021) and A. Actinomycetemcomitans(p = 0.041) were eliminated significantly, while C. Albicans (p = 0.164), P. Aeruginosa (p = 0.489), E. Coli (p = 0.106) and S. Mutans (p = 0.121) showed resistance. Conclusion: Combination CMD can be used against resistant endodontic pathogens to achieve predictable endodontic results. (AU)